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Conversational RAG: Handling Follow-Up Questions

Making RAG work in multi-turn chat: rewriting follow-ups, carrying context and avoiding stale retrieval.

Editorial team 1 min read

In conversation, users ask follow-ups that only make sense with history: "And for contractors?" or "What's the deadline for that?"

The Problem

Searching with the raw follow-up retrieves irrelevant results, because the question lacks the subject.

Rewrite Into a Standalone Query

Before retrieval, use a model to rewrite the latest message into a self-contained question using the conversation history:

"And for contractors?" → "How much annual leave do contractors get?"

Search with the rewritten question; answer the user's actual message.

Carrying Context

Include a short history in the generation prompt so answers stay coherent, but keep it trimmed — summarise older turns.

Re-Retrieve Each Turn

Don't assume earlier retrieved documents still apply; topics shift. Retrieve fresh context for each question, optionally keeping previously cited documents as candidates.

Detect Topic Changes

If the user moves to a new subject, don't let old context bias retrieval.

Clarifying Questions

When a question is ambiguous, asking a brief clarifying question can beat guessing.

Evaluate Multi-Turn Scenarios

Test sets should include conversations, not just single questions, checking that follow-ups are understood and answered correctly.

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